What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

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Image source: Canva

POSTED:  October 2, 2025

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

IoT is a system of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and communication technologies that allows for autonomous data transmission and processing. In the military, IoT applications range from autonomous drones conducting reconnaissance missions to real-time equipment health-monitoring systems, ensuring combat readiness.

Interconnected devices in an IoT collect, share, and process data without direct human intervention [1]. These smart systems use sensors, artificial-intelligence (AI)-driven analytics, and secure communication channels to automate decision-making and improve operational efficiency. While IoT is widely used in industries like healthcare, transportation, and smart cities, its role in military operations and national security is rapidly expanding. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is integrating IoT technologies into warfare, logistics, and cybersecurity to enhance situational awareness, streamline operations, and maintain strategic superiority.

How IoT Works

IoT relies on a four-step process that enables devices to function as an intelligent, interconnected system [2, 3]:

  1. Sensors and Data Collection:  Devices embedded with sensors (temperature, motion, biometric, and Global Positioning System) gather data from their environment.

  2. Secure Communication Networks:  Military IoT devices transmit data via encrypted channels, 5G networks, and satellite systems to prevent adversary interception.

  3. Data Processing and AI Analytics:  Data are processed locally (edge computing) or sent to centralized command centers for real-time analysis and automation.

  4. Automated Decision-Making and Response:  IoT systems trigger automated actions, such as sending alerts about mechanical failures or deploying countermeasures against cyberthreats.

Relevant Applications to the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)

Smart Battlefield Technology and Tactical Awareness

IoT-driven autonomous drones, robotic combat vehicles, and real-time soldier tracking systems provide Warfighters with a tactical edge [4]. The Integrated Visual Augmentation System (known as IVAS), an IoT-powered augmented reality headset, enhances situational awareness by displaying battlefield data directly to soldiers in real time.

Smart Military Bases and Cybersecurity

Military installations are implementing IoT-enabled perimeter security, biometric access control, and smart energy grids to enhance physical defense and cyber defense. The Pentagon’s Zero Trust Cybersecurity Model incorporates IoT security measures to detect anomalous network activity and insider threats before they can compromise defense operations.

Predictive Maintenance for Military Equipment

The DoD leverages IoT-enabled predictive maintenance to monitor the condition of aircraft, naval vessels, and armored vehicles. Sensors embedded in F-35 fighter jets, Abrams tanks, and Navy warships detect wear and tear, enabling proactive repairs before failures occur, reducing downtime, and increasing operational readiness.

Additional Resources

Latest Related News/Articles

References

[1] A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety (PubMed Central).

[2] How AWS IoT Works (Amazon).

[3] IoT Technologies and Protocols (Microsoft).

[4] Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) CRA (U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command).